The Open Group TOGAF 9 Part 2 - OG0-092무료 덤프문제 풀어보기
Scenario:
Please read this scenario prior to answering the Question
You have been appointed as a consultant to the Lead Enterprise Architect of an international agricultural company that exports bulbs, flowers and seeds worldwide. The company has its headquarters in the Netherlands, and has sales and distribution centers in over 30 countries worldwide. Several of these centers include administrative, manufacturing, and research facilities.
To achieve full integration of their research capabilities with their development centers located in various climate zones, the company wants to develop strong self-directed teams in each location. It also wants to define new business models that are profitable while reducing their impact on the environment. The management team is deeply committed to ensuring that the company is a world leader in socially responsible seed development with a business strategy that focuses on profitability through environmentally friendly operating processes.
The international operations of the company are subject to legal and regulatory requirements for each country where they operate. The production of genetically modified seeds has governmental controls that are strictly enforced and compliance is critical. Recently a competitor was heavily fined for violating the regulations in a country where it was developing pest-resistant seeds.
The Governing Board is concerned about the risks posed in this complex global environment, and as a result has approved the expenditure of resources to establish an Enterprise Architecture program. They have requested to be informed about the status of projects that could impact regulatory compliance. They also want to enable the corporate legal staff and auditors to analyze proposed architectures to ensure that they are within the legal guidelines for a given location. In addition, the research organization should be able to see that the architecture is appropriate for its needs.
TOGAF 9 has been mandated as the framework for the development and evolution of the Enterprise Architecture practice. The Preliminary Phase has been completed to establish the enterprise architecture capability for this project.
Refer to the Scenario
You have been asked to recommend an approach that would enable the development of an architecture that addresses the needs of the Governing Board, legal staff, auditors and the research organization.
Based on TOGAF 9, which of the following is the best answer?
Please read this scenario prior to answering the Question
You have been appointed as a consultant to the Lead Enterprise Architect of an international agricultural company that exports bulbs, flowers and seeds worldwide. The company has its headquarters in the Netherlands, and has sales and distribution centers in over 30 countries worldwide. Several of these centers include administrative, manufacturing, and research facilities.
To achieve full integration of their research capabilities with their development centers located in various climate zones, the company wants to develop strong self-directed teams in each location. It also wants to define new business models that are profitable while reducing their impact on the environment. The management team is deeply committed to ensuring that the company is a world leader in socially responsible seed development with a business strategy that focuses on profitability through environmentally friendly operating processes.
The international operations of the company are subject to legal and regulatory requirements for each country where they operate. The production of genetically modified seeds has governmental controls that are strictly enforced and compliance is critical. Recently a competitor was heavily fined for violating the regulations in a country where it was developing pest-resistant seeds.
The Governing Board is concerned about the risks posed in this complex global environment, and as a result has approved the expenditure of resources to establish an Enterprise Architecture program. They have requested to be informed about the status of projects that could impact regulatory compliance. They also want to enable the corporate legal staff and auditors to analyze proposed architectures to ensure that they are within the legal guidelines for a given location. In addition, the research organization should be able to see that the architecture is appropriate for its needs.
TOGAF 9 has been mandated as the framework for the development and evolution of the Enterprise Architecture practice. The Preliminary Phase has been completed to establish the enterprise architecture capability for this project.
Refer to the Scenario
You have been asked to recommend an approach that would enable the development of an architecture that addresses the needs of the Governing Board, legal staff, auditors and the research organization.
Based on TOGAF 9, which of the following is the best answer?
정답: D
Scenario
Please read this scenario prior to answering the question
You are serving as the Lead Architect for an insurance company, which has been formed through the merger of three previously independent companies. The company now consists of three divisions with the same names and division headquarters as their predecessors.
The lack of integration between the three divisions has increasingly caused problems in the handling of customer and financial information. The inability to share information has resulted in lost opportunities to leverage the synergies that should have been possible as a result of the merger. At present, each division maintains its own applications. Despite an earlier initiative to install a common application to manage customer, products, and claims information, each division has different ways of defining these core elements and has customized the common application to the point where the ability to exchange information is difficult, costly, and error-prone.
As a result, the company has made the decision to introduce a common web portal, contact center software suite, and document management system. Also the company has selected a single enterprise-wide customer relationship management (CRM) application to consolidate information from several applications that exist across the divisions. The application will be used by each of the divisions and accessed by third party partners through well defined interfaces.
The Corporate Board is concerned that the new application must be able to manage and safeguard confidential customer information in a secure manner that meets or exceeds the legal requirements of the countries in which the company operates. This will be an increasingly important capability as the company expands its online services in cooperation with its partners.
The CIO has formed an Enterprise Architecture department, and one of the primary goals in its charter is to coordinate efforts between the implementation team and the migration teams in each division. The CIO has also formed a cross-functional Architecture Board to oversee and govern the architecture. The company has an existing team of security architects.
TOGAF Standard Version 9.2 has been selected as the core framework for use for the Enterprise Architecture program. The CIO has endorsed this choice with the full support of top management.
Refer to the Scenario
As part of the process for establishing the Enterprise Architecture department, you are developing a set of architecture principles to guide the activities.
You need to recommend the best approach for this work.
Based on TOGAF Standard Version 9.2, which of the following is the best answer?
Please read this scenario prior to answering the question
You are serving as the Lead Architect for an insurance company, which has been formed through the merger of three previously independent companies. The company now consists of three divisions with the same names and division headquarters as their predecessors.
The lack of integration between the three divisions has increasingly caused problems in the handling of customer and financial information. The inability to share information has resulted in lost opportunities to leverage the synergies that should have been possible as a result of the merger. At present, each division maintains its own applications. Despite an earlier initiative to install a common application to manage customer, products, and claims information, each division has different ways of defining these core elements and has customized the common application to the point where the ability to exchange information is difficult, costly, and error-prone.
As a result, the company has made the decision to introduce a common web portal, contact center software suite, and document management system. Also the company has selected a single enterprise-wide customer relationship management (CRM) application to consolidate information from several applications that exist across the divisions. The application will be used by each of the divisions and accessed by third party partners through well defined interfaces.
The Corporate Board is concerned that the new application must be able to manage and safeguard confidential customer information in a secure manner that meets or exceeds the legal requirements of the countries in which the company operates. This will be an increasingly important capability as the company expands its online services in cooperation with its partners.
The CIO has formed an Enterprise Architecture department, and one of the primary goals in its charter is to coordinate efforts between the implementation team and the migration teams in each division. The CIO has also formed a cross-functional Architecture Board to oversee and govern the architecture. The company has an existing team of security architects.
TOGAF Standard Version 9.2 has been selected as the core framework for use for the Enterprise Architecture program. The CIO has endorsed this choice with the full support of top management.
Refer to the Scenario
As part of the process for establishing the Enterprise Architecture department, you are developing a set of architecture principles to guide the activities.
You need to recommend the best approach for this work.
Based on TOGAF Standard Version 9.2, which of the following is the best answer?
정답: A
You are serving as the Lead Architect for an Enterprise Architecture project team within a multinational oil and gas corporation. It is organized into two major business groupings:
Upstream operations which include exploration for crude oil and natural gas and operating the infrastructure necessary to deliver oil and gas to the market Downstream operations which include the manufacturing, distribution and marketing activities for oil products and chemicals. Safety is a priority for the company, with the aim to ensure it causes zero harm to people and the environment. The company has to satisfy the regulatory requirements of each of the countries it operates in.
The downstream business generates a third of the company's profits worldwide and includes more than 30,000 petrol stations and various oil refineries. In some countries it also includes oil refining, a retail petrol station network, lubricans manufacture and marketing, industrial fuel and lubricans sales. The practice for the downstream business has been to operate locally, managed by local "operating companies".
The Governing Board is concerned about the risk posed by operating in this complex global environment with a large part of the downstrean business represented by local operating companies. As a result, the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) has appoimted a Chief Compliance Officer (CCO) to be responsible for overseeing and managing compliance issues to the corporation. The CCO reports directly to the CEO.
The CCO has approved the expenditure of resources to establish an Enterprise Architecture program, and has mandated the use of the TOGAF standard as the framework. He has requested to be You have been asked to recommend an approach that would enable the development of an architecture that addresses the needs of the Chief Compliance Officer, legal staff, auditors and the local operating companies.
Based on the TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, which of the following is the best answer?
Upstream operations which include exploration for crude oil and natural gas and operating the infrastructure necessary to deliver oil and gas to the market Downstream operations which include the manufacturing, distribution and marketing activities for oil products and chemicals. Safety is a priority for the company, with the aim to ensure it causes zero harm to people and the environment. The company has to satisfy the regulatory requirements of each of the countries it operates in.
The downstream business generates a third of the company's profits worldwide and includes more than 30,000 petrol stations and various oil refineries. In some countries it also includes oil refining, a retail petrol station network, lubricans manufacture and marketing, industrial fuel and lubricans sales. The practice for the downstream business has been to operate locally, managed by local "operating companies".
The Governing Board is concerned about the risk posed by operating in this complex global environment with a large part of the downstrean business represented by local operating companies. As a result, the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) has appoimted a Chief Compliance Officer (CCO) to be responsible for overseeing and managing compliance issues to the corporation. The CCO reports directly to the CEO.
The CCO has approved the expenditure of resources to establish an Enterprise Architecture program, and has mandated the use of the TOGAF standard as the framework. He has requested to be You have been asked to recommend an approach that would enable the development of an architecture that addresses the needs of the Chief Compliance Officer, legal staff, auditors and the local operating companies.
Based on the TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, which of the following is the best answer?
정답: D
Please read this scenario prior to answering the question
You are serving as the Lead Architect for a chain of convenience stores, operating as a franchise, which has over 5000 retail outlets throughout the Asia-Pacific region. The stores operate 24 hours a day and 7 days a week and rely on point-of-sale technology to manage their inventory.
Stores place all orders on-line. The back-office systems collect real-time data to support ordering and product selection decisions including the tailoring of product assortment based on sales history, customer demographics as well as the next day's weather forecast. In many cases, several stores are located in neighboring areas. This strategy makes distribution to each store cheaper, as well as making multiple deliveries per day possible.
An Enterprise Architecture practice exists within the company, with the CEO and CIO as joint sponsors. They have decided to adopt TOGAF 9 within the practice and the first project is to restructure the Enterprise Architecture so that it can better accommodate the changing strategies within the company and also better respond to changes in economic and technical environments.
The CIO has stated that the following issues need to be addressed in the restructuring:
The systems should be able to withstand any unforeseen disruptions which might affect day to day operations.
This is highly critical for ensuring high levels of customer satisfaction and maintaining and growing revenue.
Dependencies between the application components, the application platform, and technology infrastructure should be minimal and well defined. This will facilitate scalability and ease of enhancement of the service offerings.
The company is adopting the ARTS Operational Data Model and Data Warehouse Model from the National Retail Federation. This will address past problems with data quality and inconsistent data.
To remain competitive, new products and promotions must undergo market trials and if these are successful, deployed across the retail chain. Information systems must be able to manage changes and updates without undue delays.
Refer to the Scenario
[Note: You should assume that the company has adopted the example set of principles that are listed and defined in TOGAF, Section 23.6. You may need to refer to Chapter 23 of the reference text in order to answer this question.] You have been asked to identify the most relevant architecture principles for the current situation.
Based on TOGAF, which of the following is the best answer? [Note: The ordering of the principles listed in each answer is not significant.]
You are serving as the Lead Architect for a chain of convenience stores, operating as a franchise, which has over 5000 retail outlets throughout the Asia-Pacific region. The stores operate 24 hours a day and 7 days a week and rely on point-of-sale technology to manage their inventory.
Stores place all orders on-line. The back-office systems collect real-time data to support ordering and product selection decisions including the tailoring of product assortment based on sales history, customer demographics as well as the next day's weather forecast. In many cases, several stores are located in neighboring areas. This strategy makes distribution to each store cheaper, as well as making multiple deliveries per day possible.
An Enterprise Architecture practice exists within the company, with the CEO and CIO as joint sponsors. They have decided to adopt TOGAF 9 within the practice and the first project is to restructure the Enterprise Architecture so that it can better accommodate the changing strategies within the company and also better respond to changes in economic and technical environments.
The CIO has stated that the following issues need to be addressed in the restructuring:
The systems should be able to withstand any unforeseen disruptions which might affect day to day operations.
This is highly critical for ensuring high levels of customer satisfaction and maintaining and growing revenue.
Dependencies between the application components, the application platform, and technology infrastructure should be minimal and well defined. This will facilitate scalability and ease of enhancement of the service offerings.
The company is adopting the ARTS Operational Data Model and Data Warehouse Model from the National Retail Federation. This will address past problems with data quality and inconsistent data.
To remain competitive, new products and promotions must undergo market trials and if these are successful, deployed across the retail chain. Information systems must be able to manage changes and updates without undue delays.
Refer to the Scenario
[Note: You should assume that the company has adopted the example set of principles that are listed and defined in TOGAF, Section 23.6. You may need to refer to Chapter 23 of the reference text in order to answer this question.] You have been asked to identify the most relevant architecture principles for the current situation.
Based on TOGAF, which of the following is the best answer? [Note: The ordering of the principles listed in each answer is not significant.]
정답: D
Scenario:
Please read this scenario prior to answering the Question
You are serving as the Lead Architect for the enterprise architecture team at the prime contractor for the Dreadnought Unmanned Aircraft System program.
Over the course of this contract, the company has grown rapidly by acquisition and has inherited numerous different procurement processes and related IT systems. The decision has been made to consolidate and reduce redundant procurement processes and systems. The CEO has announced that the company will seek to leverage higher volume discounts and lower related IT support costs by instituting a preferred supplier program.
TOGAF 9 Is used for internal Enterprise Architecture activities, with an iterative approach for executing Architecture Development Method (ADM) projects.
At present, there are no particularly useful architectural assets related to this initiative, so all assets need to be acquired and customized or created from scratch. The company prefers to implement commercial off the shelf package applications with little customization. The CIO, who is the project sponsor, has stated that she is not concerned about preserving existing processes or systems.
The architect-re development project has put in place Its Architecture Capability for this project and has started a number of iteration cycles to develop the Architecture. Some tasks to address concerns related to the Business Architecture have been completed. The next immediate task is to address the Information Systems Architectures.
The Information Systems Architectures must address stakeholder concerns such as:
1. Which procurement-related business processes are supported by zero, one, or many existing applications?
2. What non-procurement applications will need to be integrated with any new procurement applications?
3. What data will need to be shared?
Refer to the Scenario
[Note: You may need to refer to TOGAF 9 Chapter 35 in order to answer this question.] You have been asked to identify the most appropriate catalogs, matrices, and diagrams for this situation.
Based on TOGAF 9, which of the following is the best answer?
Please read this scenario prior to answering the Question
You are serving as the Lead Architect for the enterprise architecture team at the prime contractor for the Dreadnought Unmanned Aircraft System program.
Over the course of this contract, the company has grown rapidly by acquisition and has inherited numerous different procurement processes and related IT systems. The decision has been made to consolidate and reduce redundant procurement processes and systems. The CEO has announced that the company will seek to leverage higher volume discounts and lower related IT support costs by instituting a preferred supplier program.
TOGAF 9 Is used for internal Enterprise Architecture activities, with an iterative approach for executing Architecture Development Method (ADM) projects.
At present, there are no particularly useful architectural assets related to this initiative, so all assets need to be acquired and customized or created from scratch. The company prefers to implement commercial off the shelf package applications with little customization. The CIO, who is the project sponsor, has stated that she is not concerned about preserving existing processes or systems.
The architect-re development project has put in place Its Architecture Capability for this project and has started a number of iteration cycles to develop the Architecture. Some tasks to address concerns related to the Business Architecture have been completed. The next immediate task is to address the Information Systems Architectures.
The Information Systems Architectures must address stakeholder concerns such as:
1. Which procurement-related business processes are supported by zero, one, or many existing applications?
2. What non-procurement applications will need to be integrated with any new procurement applications?
3. What data will need to be shared?
Refer to the Scenario
[Note: You may need to refer to TOGAF 9 Chapter 35 in order to answer this question.] You have been asked to identify the most appropriate catalogs, matrices, and diagrams for this situation.
Based on TOGAF 9, which of the following is the best answer?
정답: A
Scenario:
Please read this scenario prior to answering the Question
You are serving as the Chief Architect for a large, global commodities trading company which has been growing rapidly through a series of acquisitions.
Each business is performing well in its markets. However, the lack of integration between headquarters and the business units has increasingly caused problems in the handling of customer and financial information. The inability to share information across businesses has resulted in lost opportunities to "leverage the synergies" that had been intended when the businesses were acquired. At present, each business unit maintains its own applications. Despite an earlier initiative to install a common application to manage customer, products, supplier, and inventory information, each business unit has different ways of defining each of these core elements and has customized the common application to the point where the ability to exchange information is difficult, costly, and error-prone.
As a result, the company has made the decision to introduce a single enterprise-wide application to consolidate information from several applications that exist across the lines of business. The application will be used by all business units and accessed by suppliers through well defined interfaces.
The Corporate Board is concerned that the new application must be able to manage and safeguard confidential customer information in a secure manner that meets or exceeds the legal requirements of the countries in which the company operates. This will be an increasingly important capability as the company expands its online services in cooperation with its trading partners.
The CIO has formed an Enterprise Architecture department, and one of the primary goals in its charter is to coordinate efforts between the implementation team and the business unit personnel who will be involved in the migration process. The CIO has also formed a cross-functional Architecture Board to oversee and govern the architecture. The company has an existing team of security architects.
TOGAF 9 has been selected for use for the Enterprise Architecture program. The CIO has endorsed this choice with the full support of top management.
Refer to the Scenario
In the Preliminary Phase you need to define suitable policies and ensure that the company has the appropriate capability to address the concerns of the Corporate Board.
Based on TOGAF 9, which of the following is the best answer?
Please read this scenario prior to answering the Question
You are serving as the Chief Architect for a large, global commodities trading company which has been growing rapidly through a series of acquisitions.
Each business is performing well in its markets. However, the lack of integration between headquarters and the business units has increasingly caused problems in the handling of customer and financial information. The inability to share information across businesses has resulted in lost opportunities to "leverage the synergies" that had been intended when the businesses were acquired. At present, each business unit maintains its own applications. Despite an earlier initiative to install a common application to manage customer, products, supplier, and inventory information, each business unit has different ways of defining each of these core elements and has customized the common application to the point where the ability to exchange information is difficult, costly, and error-prone.
As a result, the company has made the decision to introduce a single enterprise-wide application to consolidate information from several applications that exist across the lines of business. The application will be used by all business units and accessed by suppliers through well defined interfaces.
The Corporate Board is concerned that the new application must be able to manage and safeguard confidential customer information in a secure manner that meets or exceeds the legal requirements of the countries in which the company operates. This will be an increasingly important capability as the company expands its online services in cooperation with its trading partners.
The CIO has formed an Enterprise Architecture department, and one of the primary goals in its charter is to coordinate efforts between the implementation team and the business unit personnel who will be involved in the migration process. The CIO has also formed a cross-functional Architecture Board to oversee and govern the architecture. The company has an existing team of security architects.
TOGAF 9 has been selected for use for the Enterprise Architecture program. The CIO has endorsed this choice with the full support of top management.
Refer to the Scenario
In the Preliminary Phase you need to define suitable policies and ensure that the company has the appropriate capability to address the concerns of the Corporate Board.
Based on TOGAF 9, which of the following is the best answer?
정답: D
Scenario: St. Croix Consulting
Please read this scenario prior to answering the question
St. Croix Consulting started as an accounting and financial services company. It has expanded over the years and is now a leading North American IT and Business Services provider.
With numerous practice areas and a multitude of diverse engagements underway at any given time, overall engagement management has become challenging. The company does not want to risk its outstanding reputation or its international certifications and CMM ratings. Senior partners must become team players, working to support the broader needs of the company and its shareholders.
The Enterprise Architecture team has been working to create St. Croixs Enterprise Architecture framework to address these issues. The team has defined a preliminary framework and held workshops with key stakeholders to define a set of principles to govern the architecture work. They have completed an Architecture Vision at a strategic level and laid out Architecture Definitions for the four domains. They have set out an ambitious vision of the future of the company over a five-year period.
An Architecture Review Board has been formed comprised of IT staff executives and executives from the major practice areas.
The Enterprise Architecture framework is based on TOGAF 9.
The Chief Executive Officer and Chief Information Officer have co-sponsored the creation of the Enterprise Architecture program.
Refer to the St Croix Consulting Scenario
You have been assigned to the role of Chief Enterprise Architect.
As the EA team prepares to formulate an Implementation plan, they have been asked by the CIO to assess the risks associated with the proposed architecture. He has received concerns from senior management that the proposed architecture may be too ambitious and they are not sure it can produce sufficient value to warrant the attendant risks.
You have been asked to recommend an approach to satisfy these concerns.
Based on TOGAF 9, which of the following is the best answer?
Please read this scenario prior to answering the question
St. Croix Consulting started as an accounting and financial services company. It has expanded over the years and is now a leading North American IT and Business Services provider.
With numerous practice areas and a multitude of diverse engagements underway at any given time, overall engagement management has become challenging. The company does not want to risk its outstanding reputation or its international certifications and CMM ratings. Senior partners must become team players, working to support the broader needs of the company and its shareholders.
The Enterprise Architecture team has been working to create St. Croixs Enterprise Architecture framework to address these issues. The team has defined a preliminary framework and held workshops with key stakeholders to define a set of principles to govern the architecture work. They have completed an Architecture Vision at a strategic level and laid out Architecture Definitions for the four domains. They have set out an ambitious vision of the future of the company over a five-year period.
An Architecture Review Board has been formed comprised of IT staff executives and executives from the major practice areas.
The Enterprise Architecture framework is based on TOGAF 9.
The Chief Executive Officer and Chief Information Officer have co-sponsored the creation of the Enterprise Architecture program.
Refer to the St Croix Consulting Scenario
You have been assigned to the role of Chief Enterprise Architect.
As the EA team prepares to formulate an Implementation plan, they have been asked by the CIO to assess the risks associated with the proposed architecture. He has received concerns from senior management that the proposed architecture may be too ambitious and they are not sure it can produce sufficient value to warrant the attendant risks.
You have been asked to recommend an approach to satisfy these concerns.
Based on TOGAF 9, which of the following is the best answer?
정답: B
Scenario: Eight Twelve
Eight Twelve has retail outlets throughout North America. An Enterprise Architecture practice already exists in Eight Twelve. Now the CEO and CIO decide that they want to use TOGAF9 to re-architect their Enterprise Architecture to cater to the changing strategies of Eight Twelve to better respond to the changes in the economic and technology environments.
Some of the key issues which need to be addressed in this re-architecting work are:
1. Since Eight Twelve's retail chain operate 24 hours a day and are expanding to South America and Europe, the retail chain business ecosystem should be able to withstand any unforeseen disruptions which might affect the chain's day to day operations. This is highly critical to ensure high levels of customer satisfaction and thus maintaining and enhancing Eight Twelve's revenue chain.
2. Dependency between the application components, which are the nerve centers to Eight Twelve's sophisticated range of services both external and internal, and the application platform and technology infrastructure should be minimal. This would facilitate scalability and ease of enhancement of the service offerings.
3. Eight Twelve uses the ARTS Data Model and the quality of data is of utmost importance for its operation.
4. Users of the Enterprise Information ecosystem should have an environment which is able to cater to their needs without any undue delays.
Which one of the following set of Architecture Principles do you feel is the most appropriate for these guidelines stated above for the TOGAF 9 architecting work which Eight Twelve is embarking on?
Eight Twelve has retail outlets throughout North America. An Enterprise Architecture practice already exists in Eight Twelve. Now the CEO and CIO decide that they want to use TOGAF9 to re-architect their Enterprise Architecture to cater to the changing strategies of Eight Twelve to better respond to the changes in the economic and technology environments.
Some of the key issues which need to be addressed in this re-architecting work are:
1. Since Eight Twelve's retail chain operate 24 hours a day and are expanding to South America and Europe, the retail chain business ecosystem should be able to withstand any unforeseen disruptions which might affect the chain's day to day operations. This is highly critical to ensure high levels of customer satisfaction and thus maintaining and enhancing Eight Twelve's revenue chain.
2. Dependency between the application components, which are the nerve centers to Eight Twelve's sophisticated range of services both external and internal, and the application platform and technology infrastructure should be minimal. This would facilitate scalability and ease of enhancement of the service offerings.
3. Eight Twelve uses the ARTS Data Model and the quality of data is of utmost importance for its operation.
4. Users of the Enterprise Information ecosystem should have an environment which is able to cater to their needs without any undue delays.
Which one of the following set of Architecture Principles do you feel is the most appropriate for these guidelines stated above for the TOGAF 9 architecting work which Eight Twelve is embarking on?
정답: D