AUTHORITARIAN: DISCIPLINE::

• A. glutton:abstinence
• B. pragmatist: utility
• C. heckler: sincerity
• D. infiltrator: purity
• E. polemicist: conciliation

The fossil remains of the first flying vertebrates, the pterosaurs, have intrigued paleontologists for more
than two centuries. How such large creatures, which weighed in some cases as much as a piloted
hangglider and had wingspans from 8 to 12 meters, solved the problems of powered flight, and exactly
what these creatures were-reptiles or birds-are among the questions scientist have puzzled over.
Perhaps the least controversial assertion about the pterosaurs is that they were reptiles. Their skulls,
pelvises, and hind feet are reptilian. The anatomy of their wings suggests that they did not evolve into the
class of birds. In pterosaurs a greatly elongated fourth finger of each forelimb supported a wing like
membrane. The other fingers were short and reptilian, with sharp claws, in birds the second finger is the
principle strut of the wing, which consists primarily of features. If the pterosaur walked or remained
stationary, the fourth finger, and with it the wing, could only turn upward in an extended inverted V-shape
along side of the animal's body.
The pterosaurs resembled both birds and bats in their overall structure and proportions. This is not
surprising because the design of any flying vertebrate is subject to aerodynamic constraints. Both the
pterosaurs and the birds have hollow bones, a feature that represents a saving in weight. In the birds,
however, these bones are reinforced more massively by internal struts.
Although scales typically cover reptiles, the pterosaurs probably had hairy coats. T.H. Huxley reasoned
that flying vertebrates must have been warm blooded because flying implies a high internal temperature.
Huxley speculated that a coat of hair would insulate against loss of body heat and might streamline the
body to reduce drag in flight. The recent discovery of a pterosaur specimen covered in long, dense, and
relatively thick hairlike fossil material was the first clear evidenced that his reasoning was correct.
Efforts to explain how the pterosaurs became air-borne have led to suggestions that they launched
themselves by jumping from cliffs, by dropping from trees, or even by rising into light winds from the crests
of waves. Each hypothesis has its difficulties. The first wrongly assumes that the pterosaur's hind feet
resembled a bat's and could served as hooks by which the animal could bang in preparation for flight. The
second hypothesis seems unlikely because large pterosaurs could not have landed in trees without
damaging their wings. The birds call for high waves to channels updrafts. The wind that made such waves
however, might have been too strong for the pterosaurs to control their flight once airborne.
The author contrasts the 1930's with the present in order to show that

• A. unemployment now has less severe effects
• B. there now is a greater proportion of elderly and handicapped people among those in poverty
• C. social programs are more needed now
• D. poverty has increased since the 1930's
• E. more people were unemployed in the 1930's

A teacher prepares at least. She gives 5 objective type questions out of which 4 have to be answered.
Find the total ways in which they can be answered if the first 2 questions have 3 choices and the last 3
have 4 choices.

• A. 144
• B. 255
• C. 192
• D. 816
• E. 100

Last year, a proactive initiative by the state government to publish the answer sheets, backfired when
students discovered discrepancies in the way the questions had been marked. They found that in one
paper, a student who hadn't attempted all the questions, still got cent per cent score and in a few others
the tally of marks didn't add up. Following this embarrassment, the state government decided against
publishing a similar booklet this year. Some students and teachers are of the view that the booklet should
be published. Which of the following is the best reason for publishing the booklet?

• A. lt can act as a sample question-answer bank for students.
• B. Students of the succeeding batches can observe the way in which the answers are presented.
• C. Students of the succeeding batches can learn how the question papers are evaluated
• D. Students of the succeeding batches can learn how top scorers attempt
• E. Students of the succeeding batches can get motivated to take more interest in the way they attempt the
  question paper

When an European wanted to dance in the moon the American said he will try reach further planets.

• A. When the European wanted to dance in the moon a American said
• B. When an European wanted to dance in the moon the American said
• C. When an European wanted to dance in the moon a American said
• D. When a European wanted to dance in the moon an American said
• E. When a European wanted to dance in the moon the American said